Installing, Configuring, and Administering Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional

2. In Windows 2000, if Passwords Must Meet "Complexity Requirements" setting is enabled; the password should contain at least one character from minimum 3 of the following 4 categories.

• Lower case alphabetic characters
• Upper case alphabetic characters
• Numbers
• Special characters

3. The standard Windows 2000 NTFS permissions that can be applied to files are given below:

• Read: View the file's contents, attributes.
• Read & execute: Users can read and execute the file
• Write: Write, or append data to the file, view files attributes
• Modify: Users can read, write, execute, and/or delete the file
• Full Control: Users will have full control on the file. They can change the file permissions and take ownership of the file.

4. A Group Policy implemented on the local computer is known as "Local Group Policy". Local Group Policy files and folders are stored in the %systemroot%\System32\GroupPolicy folder.

5. Permissions:

• User and Group share permissions are additive. The least restrictive permission will be the users effective permission. One exception to this is "No Access". If a group has "No Access" to a share, then a user, who is member of the group will not have access to the share; even if the user is give "Full Control". No Access takes precedence over others.
• Microsoft Internet Explorer and Windows Explorer can be used for assigning Share and NTFS permissions.

6. If you want your computer to become a member of a domain, the computer should be connected over the network to the domain controller. Also, administrator privileges (that you need to supply login and password) are required for join a computer in the domain. A Windows 2000 computer can be made to join a domain at a latter time after installation.

7. Upgrade to Windows 2000:

Windows 95/98, Windows NT 3.51, Windows NT 4.0 WS can be upgraded to Windows 2000 Professional. You can't upgrade Windows 3.1 and Windows for workgroups to Windows 2000 Professional. If you need to install 2000 Prof. on Windows 3.x, you need to upgrade to Windows 95/98 or NT first, and then upgrade to 2000 Prof. It is easier to do a clean install of Windows 2000 on Windows 3.x machines.

When you want to upgrade you existing OS to Windows 2000, you need to ensure that you have software upgrade packs available. Some applications that run on previous versions of Windows may not run on Windows 2000. Effectively, you not only need to buy the upgrade to the OS, but also, the upgrades to the applications. An example is Adaptec's Easy CD creator version 3.x runs on Windows 98, but does not run on Windows 2000 Prof. You need to buy next version (4.x) to work on Windows 2000 OS.

You need to ensure the following before the upgrade:

• The hardware is adequate for upgrading to Windows 2000 Professional
• Also, check the hardware, software adequacy by running Winnt32.exe / checkupgradeonly. Note that the switch "checkupgradeonly" will output a report on the adequacy of hardware and software. It will also report, if any applications need upgrade packs. Upgrade packs must be obtained from respective application vendors, if available. If the software upgrade pack is not installed for any application, the application may become unusable.
• While preparing for dual boot with Windows 2000 Professional, note the following points:
  • Windows 2000 must be installed on a separate volume. If a separate volume is not available, repartition the hard disk suitably, and reformat. You also need to take suitable backup.
  • If you want to have dual boot between Windows NT 4 and Windows 2000 as the only operating systems, ensure that Service Pack 4 is installed on Windows NT 4. This is required since Windows 2000 upgrades the NTFS to NTFS 5. NT4 requires Service Pack 4 to read and write to NTFS 5.
  • You must install Windows 2000 only after installing MS-DOS or Windows 95 to prevent MS-DOS or Windows 95.

8. Control Panel:

You can use Regional Options to support additional languages on your computer. With the support of additional languages, you will be able to edit documents written in those languages. You can also set locale specific to any region using this Option.

You use Scanners and Cameras to install device drivers for a new scanner or a digital camera. Once the Camera or Scanner is installed, you can use the Imaging application to initiate the transfer of images from your scanner or camera to your Windows 2000 computer. You can access the Imaging application through Start -> Programs -> Accessories -> Imaging.

Add/ Remove Hardware is used to install new hardware.

An accessibility option is used to configure the keyboard, display, and mouse options on a computer to accommodate the users who are physically handicapped.

The Add/ Remove Programs is used to install / uninstall 3rd party software. This is also used for installing / uninstalling Windows 2000 optional components.

The system applet in the Control panel has five tabs.

• General
• Network Identification
• Hardware
• User Profiles
• Advanced

The Hardware tab allows us to

• Install, uninstall, repair, unplug, eject, and configure the hardware
• Driver Signing: Here you can indicate as to how to handle files that are not digitally signed. A digital signature is a tag that is imprinted on a file, digitally
• Device manager is tool that enables you to access the hardware devices installed in your computer, to configure, manage, and troubleshoot the same.The Hardware tab also allows us to add a hardware profile to the computer. A hardware profile is a set of devices and their settings that Windows 2000 starts when we boot the computer.
• The Hardware tab also allows us to add a hardware profile to the computer. A hardware profile is a set of devices and their settings that Windows 2000 starts when we boot the computer.

Virtual memory size can be set by accessing Control Panel -> System -> Advanced tab. Total virtual memory available to your computer can be set by changing the available paging file size. Advanced tab is also used for setting the "Application" priority. By selecting the "Application" button, foreground programs are given more processor resources than the background programs.

You can use Start up and Recovery options in the Advanced tab of System applet to set the operating system that gets loaded by default, the time duration in seconds that the list of operating systems is displayed, etc.

9. Computer's name or its workgroup or the domain membership can be changed using the Network Identification tab in the System Properties dialog box. You need to reboot your computer for the change to become effective.

10. Installation:

Windows 98 supports FAT (FAT16) and FAT32. It doesn't support NTFS file system. If you need to install 2000 Professional with Windows 98 on the same partition for dual boot, you can install either on the FAT file systems or on the FAT32 for dual boot.

You don't need to have a network card installed for successful installation of Windows 2000 Professional. You can use loop back adapter for this purpose and proceed with the installation.

When you install Windows 2000 in the same folder as that of Windows 95/ Windows 98/ Windows NT, the operating system gets upgraded to Windows 2000.

Blue screen messages are also called STOP messages. You will not be allowed to proceed, when a blue screen message appears.

The most likely cause of blue screen messages are:

• Boot sector virus
• IRQ/ IO address conflicts.

Pressing F8 during boot process in Windows 2000 desk top bring up the following options:

• Safe Mode : Safe Mode loads only the drivers necessary to get the desktop working. The drivers loaded with Safe Mode include mouse, monitor, keyboard, hard drive, and standard video driver.
• Safe Mode with Networking is same as Safe Mode with networking enabled.
• Safe Mode with Command Prompt option loads the command prompt instead of Windows 2000 graphical interface.
• Enable VGA Mode option loads a standard VGA driver. This option is useful if you have any problem with a newly installed video driver, and revert to a standard VGA display.
• Last Known Good Configuration enables the desktop to load the configuration that was stored when it was booted successfully last time. However, this option can't take care of any hardware related problems.
• The Debugging Mode option runs the Kernel Debugger, if that utility is installed.
• The Boot Normally is same as not pressing the F8 key. The Windows boots normally.

11. You can access Computer Management screen through:

• MyComputer on Desk Top -> Right Click -> Manage
• Start -> Programs -> Administrative Tools -> Computer Management

System tools can be accessed through "Computer Management" screen. System tools contain the following:

• Event Viewer
• System Information
• Performance logs
• Device Manager
• Shared folders
• Local Users and Groups

These are very useful tools to a system administrator.

12. File names can be 255 characters long on a FAT, FAT32, and NTFS file systems.

13. You use Disk Defragmenter to analyze and defragment disk volumes.

14. By default, Windows 2000 stores a user's profile in the C:\Documents and Settings\ user_name folder on the computer the user logs on. When a new user logs on, his initial user profile is same as that of either the local, or domain-wide "default user" profile folder. The local default user profile folder is located in %root%\Documents and Settings. For example, if you have installed Windows 2000 in C drive, it is C:\Documents and Settings.

15. You can configure support for multiple displays on your Windows 2000 computer. This is done through the use of Control Panel -> Display -> Settings. A Windows 2000 computer can support up to ten display monitors at the same time. Use additional video cards as required.

16. Mandatory user profiles can't be modified and saved by a user. Though a user changes his environment during a logon session, the user profile is set back to the original profile the next time the user logs on. First creating a roaming user profile and then renaming the .Dat extension to .Man extension create a mandatory user profile.

17. You can't apply file level permissions on a FAT file system. Only NTFS allows file permissions.

18. If a user has "Write" NTFS permission to a file, and the file has "Read" attribute set, the attribute set to the file (or folder) takes precedence over the user permissions.

19. When a file is moved to a different NTFS volume, it inherits the NTFS permissions from the destination folder.

You can assign the following three printer permissions to users and groups:

• Print: This permission allows a user to connect to a printer and send print jobs. By default, Everyone group is assigned this permission.
• Manage Printers: A user with this permission, can print, pause, restart, and share the printer, change spooler settings and manage printer permissions.
• Manage Documents: This permission allows a user to pause, resume, restart, and delete print jobs. By default, Creator Owner group is assigned the Manage Documents printer permission.

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